Driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs--An update. Part II: Experimental studies. | Semantic Scholar (2024)

Most patients definitely benefit from treatment with newer antidepressants with respect to driving skills, and most tri- and tetracyclics have acute deleterious effects on driving performance that, except for mianserin, attenuate after subchronic use.

Already evidence suggests that psychopharmacologic medicines improve or at least stabilize driving performance of patients under long-term treatment when given on clinical considerations, and data point to an advantage of second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) compared to first generation antippsychotics (FGAs) as well as modern antidepressants over tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).

Although standard field sobriety tests have advantages over per se tests for cannabis-impaired driving, limitations of both leave cannabis users and law enforcement officials little guidance in assessing an individual’s driving fitness after recent cannabis use.

There is a moderate increase in the risk of a responsible collision among drivers with detectable levels of benzodiazepines in blood, and Physicians and pharmacists should consider collision risk when prescribing or dispensing benzdiazepines.

Young adult drivers who use cannabis in the study drove slower and produced significantly less frequent steering and accelerator pedal inputs than drivers who did not use cannabis, suggesting that lasting effects of cannabis use persist and may lead to detrimental driving behaviors even after intoxication has subsided.

In conclusion, studies of the association between cannabis and nontraffic injuries present several limitations, particularly regarding sampling strategies, injury risk assessment for different causes of injury, and a dose–response risk relationship with injury.

Prescription opioid use is associated with a significantly increased risk of fatal crash involvement independently of alcohol use, and Concurrent use of prescription opioids and alcohol isassociated with a 21-fold increasedrisk of fatal car crash involvement.

Findings help to identify drivers using potentially impairing prescription drugs, both medically and nonmedically, and may inform the targeting of interventions to reduce impaired driving related to medications.

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Zaleplon 10 mg has no residual effects on driving when taken at bedtime, 10 hours before driving, and zopiclone 7.5 mg can cause marked residual impairment, patients should be advised to avoid driving the morning after zopylone administration.

No significant impairment in behavior was found in the volunteers for both bromfenac and oxycodone/paracetamol, which may have been related to the participants reporting increased effort during driving while under the influence of this drug.

Although oxycodone produced abuse liability-related subjective effects, it also produced unpleasant effects, a phenomenon the authors have observed in other opioid studies in non-drug-abusing volunteers.

Zaleplon (10 and 20 mg) is a safe hypnotic devoid of next-morning residual impairment when used in the middle of the night and significantly impaired performance on all psychom*otor and memory tests.

In this study, 10mg of oral oxycodone combined with a low dose of ethanol generated abuse liability-related effects, but when tested separately, they did not.

This project was initiated by several international organizations to develop guidelines for research on drugged driving and is anticipated that these guidelines will improve significantly the overall quality of druggeddriving research and facilitate future cross-study comparisons nationally and globally.

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